Public Health Association Of Australia - 1448 Words

I would like to suggest further options that can be adopted by the present Government. Nationwide free information sessions (communicative intervention) targeting pregnant women in antenatal clinics and parents in schools should be organised about 2-3 times per year. These sessions would stress on explaining the expected benefits and importance of vaccinations, with â€Å"question-time† periods to enable parents to clear out any doubts. Take-home informative brochures would also be designed and distributed. Improving access (facilitative intervention) to parents from remote and rural areas is also another good way to ensure immunisation uptake. Another good idea would be to distribute food vouchers (distributive approach) to parents coming from the distant rural areas. We could also focus on monitoring the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases, via the ACIR, so as to detect any outbreak at the earliest possible and take the necessary preventive measures (communicative intervention). Policy actors in favour Probable actors in favour of resolving the issue would be the World Health Organisation, the Public Health Association of Australia, members of the Government (in particular those working in the Immunise Australia Program), and health professionals (in particular doctors). These interest groups would have different objectives which could be achieved by supporting issues that lead to the increase in childhood immunisation uptake. WHO would be expected to be in favourShow MoreRelatedAustralian Healthcare Funding1367 Words   |  6 Pagesfunding The healthcare system in Australia is complex involving many funders and healthcare providers. In 2011 to 2012 the health expenditure in Australia was estimated to have been $140.2 billion, which made up 9.5 percent of gross domestic product in that year (AIHW, 2013). Responsibilities are split between different levels of government, and between the government and non-government sectors. With non-government sources funding for about 30 percent of the total health expenditure each year (AIHW,Read MoreResearch: Tabacco Control and Road Safety in Australia1584 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION By the beginning of 21st century, public health activities over different settings led to growth in healthcare. Improvement in large number of diseases, injuries, infectious diseases, nutrition, sanitation, cancers, dental health have led to significant growth in Australia’s health population since last 30 years. Improvements grew from advances and technology in medicine and surgery, delivery of quality health care services, and also range of public health programs promotion via an organizedRead MoreOral Health And Dental Care1541 Words   |  7 PagesTable 3. Full time dentist employed per 100,000 population in the public and private practice sectores, states and territories, 2013. NSW Vic Qld WA SA Tas ACT NT Total Public 7.6 7.9 10.3 8.6 11.00 6.5 6.1 11.7 8.6 Private 50.8 44.6 48.0 45.4 47.6 31.2 59.9 27.0 47.4 Total 58.5 52.5 58.3 54.0 58.6 37.7 65.9 38.7 56.0 From: Oral health and dental care in Australia: keyfacts and figures 2015 (Chrisopoulos, Harford Ellershaw 2016, p. 67). 3.3 The impact of neglected oral disease Dental decayRead MoreHealth Care Systems Of Israel And Australia915 Words   |  4 PagesIsrael and Australia both have very similar health care systems, both healthcare systems charge people through their income taxes. The health care systems consists of institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations. Australia’s and Israel’s health care system has both a public sector and private sector, However Australia has Medicare that helps subsides some of the cost that some medical procedures may cost as well as prescription medicationsRead MoreDealing with Homelessness in Australia Essay examples1400 Words   |  6 PagesAustralians is only a dream. Every day more and more people are becoming or are at risk of becoming homeless as the global economy crumbles away and monetary resources become harder to find. What is homelessness: the Australian Government Department of Health (2005) defines homelessness as a pers on who is without a conventional home. Homeless Australians have become disconnected from family and friend and has few, if any resource and very little prospect of achieving financial independence without GovernmentRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol Poisoning On Australia1635 Words   |  7 Pagesand a specific high risk group – young Australians ages 18-24. The benefit of this report will outline the main dangers of alcohol poisoning and why it’s a big problem in Australia. Alcohol poisoning in Western Australia alcohol caused 2.85% of total health problems for Australia, Costing the medical industry in Western Australia $379,689,476.83. This includes all the problems associated with alcohol and alcohol poisoning. From suicides, murders, falls, disease, and car crashes. (Rebecca Hood, 2011)Read MoreProfessional Identity And The Healthcare Industry1540 Words   |  7 Pagesclients. These associations also provide a means of reporting feedback from clients and their families, allowing the quality of care to be monitored and regulated in accordance with codes of conduct. Standards, guidelines and codes of practice although similar, differ from profession to profession Within the nursing industry, there are various organisations and industries associated with the development of standards, guidelines and codes of practice. The Nursing Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) isRead MoreAboriginal Health Council Of South Australia991 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Many Indigenous Australians are experiencing poor health than other Australians. Frequently they are dying at much younger ages. A healthy supportive environment gives a protection from physical and mental abuse and opportunities for personal development. As well as education and employment, these are all essential for a longer happy life. The organisation I chose to do my report on an Aboriginal Health Council of South Australia. This is an Aboriginal community controlled organisation inRead MorePublic Health Authorities Need to Conduct Public Health Surveillance1590 Words   |  6 PagesHIV/AIDS as an example to discuss why public health authorities need to conduct public health surveillance and to describe how surveillance system is managed in Australia (9 marks) (Up to 800 words) Public health surveillance is defined as the ongoing systematic collection, collation, analysis and interpretation of outcome-specific data for public health purposes, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of public health information for assessment and public health response for preventing and controllingRead More21st Century Dentistry : Professionalism And Dentistry1432 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironmental issues. Dispersed throughout the essay is also viewpoints on professionalism from a fellow health professional who defines professionalism as her ‘scope of clinical skills and interpersonal domain’. †¨ Social Ethics is the cornerstone of dentistry, it dictates the behaviour and practises based on moral principles. The Australian Dental Association (ADA) Code of Ethics and the Dental Board of Australia Code of Conduct have outlined ethical principles of dental practice. It ensures a social contract

The Incarceration Of The Correctional Institution

The correctional institutions are established for correction of behaviors by law offenders. The society expects that once an individual comes out of the correctional facility, he is a reformed person. In addition, these facilities are always expected to warn the law abiding citizens to deter them from committing a crime for fear of being in the correctional cells. However, the population in the correction facilities especially prisons is contrary to this expectation. Over time, there is increased number of offenders. This comprises of the new offenders and the repeat offenders. This causes overcrowding in the correctional facilities which is a challenge to the society. The focus of this problem is the social effect of overcrowding to the judicial system and ways of addressing the challenge. Overcrowding in correctional institutions Crime is punishable for three reasons namely retribution, prevention and deterrence. The main purpose of incarcerating offenders is to stop them from repeating previous crimes they committed. Appraising the current American system using these standards, the deterrence category has failed miserably, insufficient in prevention and providing unsatisfactory retribution through detention. Attempts to deter released criminals who are convicted are dismissed by the recidivism’s high rate (Tish Burbank, 2009). This is evident through the rising population of new offenders undeterred from crime. Many gangs and offenders recruit and carry outShow MoreRelatedPrison Socialization And The Correctional Institution1188 Words   |  5 Pagesand identify models of imprisonment connected with variations in prisoner behaviour within the correctional institution. (Cao, Zhao, Dine, 1997). In corrections institutions there have been two established, yet divided viewpoints which are the â€Å"imp ortation and deprivation† models of imprisonment. Sometimes, in overcrowded prison systems, managing harmony and continuity is vital for both correctional officers and inmates. A disciplinary action against inmates is usually the primary instrument usedRead MoreObesity Is A Major Public Health Issue917 Words   |  4 Pagesknown to have the following characteristics: low socioeconomic status, limited access to healthcare prior to incarceration, low health literacy, substance abuse, mental health disorders and increased probability of having chronic and infectious diseases. These characteristics make inmates a vulnerable population even prior to incarceration. Recent studies of weight change during incarceration have revealed that individuals diagnosed with chronic disease, such as diabetes or hypertension, do not haveRead MoreCorrectional Facilities And The Correctional Facility1645 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The correctional facilities in the United States of America are composed of operators that own or manage correctional facilities and halfway houses. Correctional facilities serve to confine and rehabilitate prisoners and may be classified as minimum, medium or maximum security facilities. The prisoners contained in the facilities may participate in educational and vocational programs as well as in paid programs or work release programs through the industry. Correctional facilities areRead MorePositive And Negative Impacts Of The Correctional System1514 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity â€Æ' Introduction The correctional system as a whole has a significant impact on the United States. From policy, incarceration, sexual victimization, and those who oversee correctional facilities it all takes a toll on the country. Simply stated, it is the butterfly effect seen in action. When one decision, action, or lack thereof is implemented there will either be positive or negative consequences. Statistics encompassing sexual victimization, incarceration rates in the United States, segregationRead MorePrison Reform : Effective And Reliable Correctional System1352 Words   |  6 Pagesnecessary to better the conditions for prisoners to enable the creation of an efficient and reliable correctional system. In reforming the prison system, it is essential for alternatives to incarceration to be explored (UNODC). There has been a sizeable escalation in the number of individuals serving prison sentences in American prisons. In fact, America has the world’s highest number of incarceration cases w ith over 2.2 million Americans in prison. The increased number of inmates has resulted in unprecedentedRead MoreStrategic Plan II : Budgeting The Future Of Corrections1219 Words   |  5 PagesPlan II: Budgeting the Future of Corrections The Significance of Budgeting for the Future of the Correctional System The life blood of every correctional system is its budget. In order to plan for future budget needs, the Commissioner must be able to project future priorities for the correctional systems over the next decade. MISSION To protect and serve the states communities and correctional institutions by providing a detailed and highly accurate fiscal budget forecasting future needs, requirementsRead MoreAmeric Land Of The Incarcerated1296 Words   |  6 Pagestransformed the once â€Å"land of the free† into a country of mass incarceration which emphasizes on punishing offenders rather than rehabilitating them into productive citizens. To the typical American, radical governments such as Russia or China come to mind when one thinks about countries that have strict criminal codes that punish offenders with extreme prison sentences. Shockingly, the United States has the world’s highest incarceration rate of 716 prisoners per 100,000 citizens compared to the averageRead MoreCorrectional Officers Vs. Prison Guards1372 Words   |  6 PagesCorrectional officers or prison guards: these classifications are used to identify those in authority in institutions throughout the world. Correctional institutions in the United States are formulated on fairness and productivity, and the administrators within the institutions are held at the highest responsibility to see fit the safety and wellness of inmates during their time of rehabilitation. However, with the vast exposure of insubordination overtime, prison guards are being targeted as theRead MoreCorrectional Facilities and Environments1166 Words   |  5 PagesProces ses of Correctional Environments: Correctional facilities play an integral role in the criminal justice system as many individuals who are convicted of offenses are normally placed on probation rather than being sent to prison. In other cases, convicted criminals who have served their jail terms are usually released on parole. In addition to meeting other requirements, criminals are required to stay out of trouble during parole and probation periods. In order to prevent offenders from committingRead MoreRace and Corrections845 Words   |  4 Pagesraces are disproportionately which are denial of jobs, poverty, and it is felt that police have bias and African-Americans and Hispanics are treated differently than Whites. Correctional departments usually supervise inmates sentenced to probation, jail, and prison. There is so much more that falls into what the correctional system takes care of. With more than 70% of persons in the corrections phase of the criminal justice system they are actually supervised in the community and in other forms such

The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times Free Essays

The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times, which is manifested in Plato and Aristotle’s philosophies. Plato stance on aesthetic is very negative because it can distract the innate nature of soul. But his pessimism on aesthetics specifically of arts in general is best represented in his conjecture that an art â€Å"is thrice removed from reality†. We will write a custom essay sample on The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aristotle, on the other hand, has positive note on aesthetics because he sees art as representation of Forms or of truth. From these two ancient philosophers, the debate and conceptualization of aesthetics has transformed greatly in different periods. Friedrich Nietzsche posits that aesthetics is a means of preservation, meaning, beauty for him is encapsulated in terms of life prolongation. Leo Tolstoy postulated that aesthetics is based on peasant artistry because these workers understand the beauty of life. The complexities of aesthetics have metamorphosized throughout the progression of different civilizations and epochs of philosophy. In line with this, contemporary aestheticians like Jun’ichiro Tanizaki and Susanne K. Langer joined the bandwagon to advance aesthetics epistemic views. And these contemporary philosophers agreed on one point, that aesthetics or the valuation of beauty, as well as, its intricacies, nuances and elements, is greatly influenced by geographic positioning. This assertion was deduced from the fact that in every period novel idea on aesthetics sprouted wherein this period shaped new debates on the topic at hand. In summation, each period in philosophy supplemented new keys on the development of philosophy. In Tanizaki’s In Praise of Shadows, he juxtaposed Oriental aestheticism to Western aestheticism wherein he highlighted the significance of going back to the remnants of the past because it served as the defining moment of every stance on arts. He argued that one must embrace his own aesthetics even if it is tarnished and old because it is the precursor of one’s culture and tradition, and therefore, any concept of beauty from foreign culture must be disregarded altogether since it can eradicate the innate nature of one’s aesthetics. This is very prominent in the character of Tanizaki because when he was just a budding novelist he appreciated Western aestheticism, which has influenced his writing during those times, until he realized that he must represent Japanese concept of arts and beauty through literature. Tanizaki conjectured that the key note in Japanese concept of beauty is founded on the ideas of shadow. The architectural blueprint of traditional Japanese highly embodies shadows manifested through the quiet and murky interiors, which emanates a nostalgic atmosphere due to the independent existence and presence of shadows.   Tanizaki reinforced his idea of shadow in the articulateness of beauty in the form of polished tableware, temple toilets, kimonos, and Japanese stage, which are highly affected by the intensity of its dark spectrum. In lieu to this, Tanizaki pointed out that if light was applied on Japanese aesthetics all of its essence will diminish because light is the attribute of Western aestheticism, and likewise will happen if darkness was incorporated to Western arts. His basis on the above mentioned arguments is embedded on his credence on the delineation of Western culture and Japanese culture. According to Tanizaki, Western citizens in ancient times give importance to gold because it emanates unspeakable beauty when candlelight reflects it. On the other hand, Japanese people vehemently dislike light because it exposes the imperfection of their own white skin. According to Thomas J. Harper (translator of In Praise of Shadows), Tanizaki distinguish Japanese aestheticism based on shadows because it shows an unfathomable yet beautiful reverence and somberness, which is lacking in the magnificently lit arts of the West. Like Tanizaki, Langer also believed that one’s perception of aesthetics is dependent of his geographic positioning. At the first chapter of her book entitled Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art, she defined philosophy as â€Å"characterized more by the formulation of its problems than by its solutions of them†[1], which implies that each groups or societies see things in different perspectives and in their perception of things, they have their own understanding of what they see and have their own questions about it. Therefore, when it comes to beauty or aesthetics definitive schema, each society has the authority to posit their own stance about it, and mostly their stance is deeply rooted in culture and tradition. Tanizaki’s key of aesthetics is logically plausible in Langer’s philosophy since she espoused a relativistic means of understanding the nature of things and the contingency of the universe, in context with aesthetics. But Langer has her own philosophic inclination on beauty, wherein her key is discourse and representation. For Langer, aesthetics expresses the emotive form of arts through symbols and logic. But it must be noted that she saw that the main problem in expressing aesthetic is the means of expressing it. According to her, music possesses a degree of mood or emotion towards the meaning of life wherein it represents a form of epistemic valuation and truth. This music that embodies a certain feeling of purely perceptible matters can be expressed in innumerable manners, but the musician has to figure out which manner because wrong choice of manner will annihilate the content of its emotion and its purity. In toto, Langer saw philosophy as perpetually progressing, as well as aesthetics, because different epochs have either discovered or created a new key to elucidate the universe. She purported that the fecundity of new keys in the philosophical realm will always exists because human understanding is innately transformational. Unlike most philosophers like Bertrand Russell who argued that novel ideas in philosophy is impossible because what is left to humanity is to recycle old philosophies, Langer believed that the pasts has influenced on our present cogito but it does not necessarily follow that it will shape the present landscape of philosophizing. The point is that man’s rationality is not fixed; therefore present and future generation can discover or create a new motif of intellectual intercourse, which will eventually define the philosophy of their period. Tanizaki and Langer’s philosophies on aesthetics are significant because of its willingness and openness to the possibility of new keys, in terms of new perspectives and theories. It broadens the horizon of philosophical enterprise since new schemes and conceptualizations are doomed to realization. The only danger on their stance on the concept of â€Å"new keys† is that it jeopardized the universality of things, specifically of aesthetics or beauty. Their postulate that aesthetics valuation is based on geographic positioning or dependent of one’s social constructs breathes relativism, meaning, every perspective on aesthetic is sound and valid, or to put it simply â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder†. And worse, the innateness of aesthetics seems impossible to be exposed because of diverse perceptions on it. REFERENCE: Langer, Susanne K. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art 3rd edition ed: Harvard University Press, 1957. Tanizaki, Junichiro. In Praise of Shadows. Trans. Charles Moore, Edward G. Seidensticker and Thomas J. Harper: Leetes Island Books 1980. [1] Langer, Susanne. Philosophy in a New Key: A Study in the Symbolism of Reason, Rite, and Art.   Harvard University Press, 1957 p.4. How to cite The schematization of aesthetics was founded in Ancient times, Essay examples

The Major Discrimination Laws

Question: Identify a couple of the major discrimination laws that were discussed in the textbook reading. How are these laws intended to protect employees? Are these laws necessary and effective, or instead do they restrict the managers ability to properly manage? Answer: In complex business scenario, it is crucial for companies to safeguard interest of their employees effectively. There are numerous labour laws put in place that offer protection to employees and safeguard their interest against any unfair treatment and unsafe working conditions. For employees working in construction industries, there are additional regulations and legislations to ensure that they remain safe. Federal laws hold great importance for employees and employers. On the other hand, compliance to employment laws offer benefits to society at interpersonal and financial level. Most of the organisations around world operate on the model of master-servant relationship (Cawthorne, 2004). In broader sense, employer is considered the master while employee is considered the servant. Employee is expected to perform his duties under the master. Further, the servant gets reimbursed for his services. But it is often realised that employers might use their power and abuse employees. Hence, to safeguard employee from such situations, employment and labour laws are crucial. For instance, Fair Labour Standards Act 1967 and Age Discrimination in Employment Act intend to balance the master-servant relationship. This is to ensure that employers dont abuse their employees by any means. Under some legislation, employees also get the opportunity to get compensation for any kind of abuse or equal chance to work in safe environment (Cawthorne, 2004). Experts believe that the purpose of employee protection laws is not to abolish the master-servant relationship instead make it equal for employees to get full benefit of the services that they are offering to their master. Further, this legislation give an opportunity to employers also that business owners can engage in doing commerce which is profitable. Hence, labour laws intend to protect the rights of the employers as well. For example, empl oyer enjoys the right to hire anyone and there is no hard and fast rule about hiring employees. Hence, labour laws, ultimately provides an opportunity to maximise his productivity and become capable to remain competitive in marketplace. These laws are highly necessary and effective. Some experts do believe that these laws restrict the ability and control of the managers. However, this is wrong to say this. With these laws, managers can manage effectively and also ensure that employees are satisfied and stay loyal to the company for longer. A loyal employee is an asset for an organisation (Hill, 2009). Hence, an employee can become loyal if and if he is satisfied with his job. This can be ensured with the help of these employee protection laws. When employees know that their managers and organisation protects them and take every possible step to safeguard their interest, employees are likely to become loyal automatically. In nutshell, employee protection laws are highly crucial and help to develop economic stability. On one hand, it provides an opportunity to employer to make si gnificant profits while on other, it helps employee to get compensated as per his services given to employer. Employee protection acts keep updating with changing times and changing businesses. References Cawthorne, M. (2004). Of Networks and Markets., World Development 43 Hill, E. (2009). The Indian Industrial Relations System: Struggling to Address the Dynamics of a Globalizing Economy., Journal of Industrial Relations, pp. 395-410

A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving Quotes

A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving Quotes A Charlie Brown Thanksgiving serves up some surprisingly poignant and often funny quotes about Turkey Day. The Peanuts characters, including Lucy, Linus, Patty, Sally, Marcie, and of course, Charlie Brown, maybe youngsters, but they provide plenty of thoughtful wisdom about Thanksgiving traditions like football, turkey and  pumpkin pie. Of course, the words are put into their animated mouths by creator and writer Charles M. Schulz, who was just five days shy of his 51st birthday when the special aired in 1973. It won him the Primetime Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Childrens Programming. It continued to air every Thanksgiving on CBS until 2000, the year that Schulz died, and then on ABC. Enhance your Thanksgiving dinner conversation with some of these pithy quotes from the TV special, which is also available on DVD and streaming video. Thanksgiving History Linus: In the year 1621, the Pilgrims held their first Thanksgiving feast. They invited the great Indian chief Massasoit, who brought 90 of his brave Indians and a great abundance of food. Governor William Bradford and Captain Miles Standish were honored guests. Elder William Brewster, who was a minister, said a prayer that went something like this: We thank God for our homes and our food and our safety in a new land. We thank God for the opportunity to create a new world for freedom and justice. Expressing Thanks Peppermint Patty: Are we going to have a prayer? Its Thanksgiving, you know.Marcie: Thanksgiving is more than eating, Chuck. We should just be thankful for being together. Traditions Lucy: But Charlie Brown, it’s Thanksgiving. One of the greatest traditions we have is the Thanksgiving Day football game and the biggest, most important tradition of all is the kicking off of the football.Lucy: Isn’t it peculiar, Charlie Brown, how some traditions just slowly fade  away.Charlie Brown, after singing  Over the River and Through the Woods to Grandmothers House We Go: Well, theres only one thing wrong with that...My grandmother lives in a condominium. The Food Charlie Brown: I cant cook a Thanksgiving dinner. All I can make is cold cereal and maybe toast.Peppermint Patty: Look at this! Is this what you call a Thanksgiving day dinner? Did we come across town for this? Were supposed to be served a real Thanksgiving dinner!Peppermint Patty: What kind of Thanksgiving dinner is this? Wheres the turkey, Chuck? Dont you know anything about Thanksgiving dinners? Wheres the mashed potatoes? Wheres the cranberry sauce? Wheres the pumpkin pie? Uninvited Guests Marcie to Peppermint Patty, after they crash Thanksgiving dinner at Charlie Browns house: Wait a minute, Sir; did he invite you here to dinner? Or did you invite yourself and us too? Meet-Ups Sally: Why dont you come along, Linus? We could hold hands under the table. Stress Charlie Brown: Weve got another holiday to worry about. It seems Thanksgiving Day is upon us.

Barton Case Study

Barton Case Study Assessment of the Financial Position and Performance of the Barton Firm In order to assess the financial position and financial performance of the Barton engine business, it is important to consider carefully the ratio analysis of the company, as it assists comparisons, simplifies financial-statement, aids the top-management to recognize whether the business’s financial position is enhancing or worsening by showing a yearly-trend, evaluates the long-term financial aptitude, and operating efficiency.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To conduct the ratio analysis of this firm, the focus should be on analyzing total current ratio, gross profit margin, net profit margin, and quick ratio or asset test ratio for three years (1999, 2000, and 2001), and compare between these ratios in order to come into a conclusion about Barton firm’s financial situation. Rati o Analysis for the Barton Firm Total Current Ratio (Total Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities) Total Current Ratio 1999 2000 2001 24297 / 16711 23255 / 16232 24159 / 15338 1.454 1.433 1.575 Table 1: Total Current Ratio for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Current ratio is a common and quick evaluation of liquidity of Barton firm, as it shows the margin of safety or cushion accessible to the creditors; moreover, it is an index for Barton’s financial stability and practical solvency and a directory of the strength of its working capital. As shown in the table 1, from 1999 to 2000, there has been a slow increase in the current ratio of Barton (1.454 in 1999, 1.433 in 2000, and 1.575 in 2001). As this kind of rise in the ratio demonstrates the enhancement of the liquidity position of the business, it is notable that the liquidity position of Barton had a slow development over these three years. On th e other hand, if there was a decline in the current ratio, it was quite natural that the liquidity position of the business has worsened with time and that it should improve in order to have better position.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gross Profit Margin (Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Gross Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 26438 / 125950 x 100 24350 / 118175 x 100 21130 / 110000 x 100 20.991% 20.605% 19.209% Table 2: Gross Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study The gross profit margin is the proportion of the turnover, which a business preserves following the direct-expenses linked to generating the materials traded throughout a certain period; moreover, a rising profit margin means that the firm has good pricing strategy (it is able to lift prices with sm all or no effect on sales) or that it possess a rising productivity. However, as illustrated in table 2, there has been a substantial decrease in the gross profit margin from 1999 to 2000, which were consecutively 20.991%, 20.605%, and 19.209% decreasing margin could indicate that variable costs have risen while selling price has remained constant; it could also mean that Barton has cut prices to make an augmentation in sales. Net Profit Margin (Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Revenue from Sales X 100) Net Profit Margin 1999 2000 2001 271 / 125950 x 100 236 / 118175 x 100 1855 / 110000 x 100 0.216% 0.199% 1.69% Table 3: Net Profit Margin for Three Financial Years of Barton EngineAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Barton Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study High net profit margin ratio shows how successful the firm is at changing sales into profit, and that the firm is capitalizing on some competitive-advantage, which can give it some additional capability and suppleness throughout the difficult financial periods; conversely, low net margin means the firm is not generating enough sales or it is not keeping your operating-expenses under control. Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, it is notable that the net profit margin has decreased so much that it took on a negative figure (0.216% in 1999, 0.199% in 2000, and 1.69% 2001). Such a decline in the net profit margin ratio throughout the three stated financial years might point out cost binges, which necessitate competence development; the Barton firm, having a low ratio, might need to take on debt to pay its expenses. Quick Ratio or Asset Test Ratio (Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) = (Current Assets-Inventory) / Current Liabilities) Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) 1999 2000 2001 (24297 8228) / 16711 (23255 8066) / 16232 (24159 11683) / 15338 0.962 0.936 0.813 Table 4 : Quick Ratio (Asset Test Ratio) for Three Financial Years of Barton Engine Source: Self-generated from Barton Case Study Asset test ratio would decline while cash or accounts obtainable balances reduce, devoid of an equivalent diminish in current liabilities, or boost in a current liability devoid of an equivalent boost in cash or accounts obtainable (for example, cash spent to buy fixed assets, cash spent to give off a long term debt, or cash spent to disburse dividends).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1999, 2000, and 2001, the asset test ratio diminished respectively by 0.962, 0.936, and 0.813, which shows Barton had a small liquidity ratio demonstrating that the firms liquidity position has needed further amplification. Suggestions for Ms. Payne Regarding the Financial Situation It is very important for Ms. Payne to provide a closer observation to improve the gross profit margin. This is achievable by two ways, either by augmenting the sales revenue when keeping the cost of sales the same, or by lowering the cost of sales, when upholding the same level of sales revenue. It is essential to note that Barton firm had an increase in its current ratio throughout the three years. However, in order to further enhance its current ratio and liquidity position, Ms. Payne should try to bring more cash into the balance sheet either by selling the under used assets, increasing loan capital and long term borrowings, or postponing intended investments. Moreover, the chief financial officer should also focus on raising the gross profit, or lowering the expenses and overheads. This will develop Barton’s net profit, which in turn will help it to enhance the net profit margin. According to table 4, the quick ratio or asset test ratio of the Barton firm has lowered constantly in 1999, 2000, and 2001. In order to enhance Barton’s asset test ratio, Ms. Payne should focus on two things, firstly, operate at increasing sales from the existing asset base, and secondly, sell of under utilized assets profitably, so that the sales figure has divided by a lower asset total. SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Figure 1: SWOT Analysis of Barton Engine Works Co Source: self generated Strengths The internal strengths of Barton Engine are its glorious history, brand image, human resources, and performance of few departments, customer vase in the US market, and so on. Brand Awareness: Barton Engine Works Co had strong brand awareness for its consumer oriented five ho rsepower engine market; Employees: this company was the largest employer of the Barton County and it had more than 400 employees; Performance: According to the Barton Case Study, Earl and his engineering department’s little customer engine business is doing well. In addition, Earl stated that there is no immediate risk of losing the customer â€Å"Mulch Co† and 164 licensed dealers have doubled their purchase order from Barton Engine; Corporate Social Responsibility: Barton Engine has a significant level of budgetary involvement for its CSR1 policy and practice, for instance, the company provides scholarship to the children of the employees and talented students, send Christmas cards to the employees, and take care them; Customer Base: The strong base of loyal customers helped the company to continue its business and to compete with Japanese manufactures; Long Experience: Barton Engine Works Co has long experience to carry on its business with remarkable footprint in the US market. Weaknesses Besides strong points, Barton Engine has many weaknesses, such as Leadership: Once upon a time, this company was reputed for the financial strengths as predecessors were built a well-respected, $110 million company. However, the unfortunate death of William and his son by commuter plane crash created leadership gap though Ms. Payne is enough competent person to control the company as she has practical experience with high educational background; Decrease Market Share: The market share of Barton had decreased dramatically from 1985, for instance, it had at least 37% of consumer oriented five horsepower auto market in 1885 but it was only 4% in 2001, which indicates that 70% of total sales had down within last 15 years. In addition, its industrial market share had also dropped to 19%; Barton Engine Design: Integration of modern technology is an important factor in order to meet the demand of the products and create new fields of business operation but this company was not concentrated this issue. According to the case study, this company has been captured a significant market share 50 years ago when the owner of this company was designed high-tech model but the successors of the owner ignored this issue and lost market share; Operating costs: it was not possible for the management to reduce operating costs, and in 2001, its engineering, selling and administrative costs were $22,188,000; Financial position: This company has experienced huge financial problems as its net operating profits have decreased dramatically, for instance, its net income was 2065 thousands in 1999 where as it was (1058) thousands in 2001. Opportunities Key opportunities of the company have discussed below Market Demand: The top-level management of the company believed that they have strong customer base because still customers seek Barton Engine though Japanese manufactures sale few more engines in the US market. According to the Barton Case Study, this comp any has also largest market share, which indicates that it has huge opportunity to increase customer demand in the US market by restructuring and implementing new strategies; Increase Market Share: Most of the countries of the world are now member of WTO, which gives the scope to the company to enter new market by adopting suitable entry mode strategies to increase market share; Joint Venture: As many customer intended to purchase Barton Engines, it has the opportunity to joint venture with renowned companies to share technology of the partners, assets, manpower and so on; Divestiture Strategy: According to the Barton Case Study, the performance of few subsidiaries was not stable to carry on the business. As a result, the management of this company has opportunity to adopt divestiture strategy to concentrate on the core business or profitable units; Diversification: This Company has opportunity to diversify its product range both vertically and horizontally to attract the customer. Threats As per the case study, major threats for the company’s were Competitors: Japanese competitors were main problem for the company because Barton lost the market share and its glorious position due to strong presence of the Japanese products, for instance, in 1985, Japanese had only 6% and 2% share of consumer oriented five horsepower and ten horsepower auto market accordingly but it is now market leader of this sector. On the other hand, Japanese manufactures offered technologically advance products and designed new models over time; Decision-Making process: Taking right decision in proper time is one of the most important factors for the development of the company. However, the company may become insolvent due to undertake inappropriate steps; Conflicts between directors: Williams intended to carry out the business with old equipment, as he was spent huge fund for purchasing new products in 1978. On the other hand, the son of William was interested to purchase new m achine to develop quality of the products and increase efficiency of the employees. However, Williams argued that it should require more than $100 million to purchase new equipments, and need sufficient fund to train employees, so, this conflicts between directors had influenced to decrease the performance in the US market; Sales Report: The marketers scrutinised the sales data of profitable units and found that the earnings from 10-horsepower engine would decreased by 75% within the next fiscal year. Recommendation Ms. Payne should increase budget for promotional activities as it can increase customer base and market share; Moreover, she should decrease production costs by purchasing few machine and repairing old machine as the customers never compromise with the quality of the products; To reduce operating costs, the company should recruit efficient and low cost employees from South Asian countries like Bangladesh, India, and China; In addition, Ms. Payne should compare the perf ormance of all subsidiaries and sale the non profitable units to concentrate on the core business; She should try to work as a team to develop the performance of the employees; Ms. Payne should review the performance of the competitors to take decisions; She should consider the opinion of the top management and employees; However, Ms. Payne should restructure the pricing strategy in order to compete with the Japanese engine manufacturing companies. Suggestions about the 10-Horsepower Engine According to the Barton Case Study, in 1985, Barton had 21% share in consumer oriented 10-horsepower engine market whereas Japanese had captured only 2% market share. The US customers of generators, pumps and compressors were relied on Barton’s products for its quality and design, but Mr. William never upgraded the design and technology of 10-horsepower engine. As a result, this company failed to retain their glorious position and Japanese manufactures captured major portion of market sha re though some dealers of Barton is doing well and they have created a loyal customer base. Therefore, besides of upgrading the design of the engine, Barton firm should undertake the strategies suggested below. Suggestions 1: Formulating Pricing Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition This strategy will develop Barton’s brand image by creating a preference amongst the consumers for the 10-horsepower engine. Supports the vision Throughout 1999, 2000, and 2001, its sales have lowered significantly. In these circumstances, the position of the company can be improved by following a pricing strategy that will add a little mark-up after the cost of production. High price may cause declining sales. Utilize core competency Barton would need long time to regain its position if it does not consider this strategy as its key competency. Rivalry As other competitors ask lower price to capture the market, Barton shoul d hit the market by restructuring their pricing policy Constructs uniqueness and differentiation This will differentiate the 10-horsepower engine Generates loyal consumer base A large group of customer will become loyal for low prices, as because of the aftershock of the global financial crisis, the purchasing power of the consumers have reduced. Moreover, a larger consumer base will in turn enhance Barton’s market share. Financial hazards The strategy may initially mean quite low profits Short and long-term growth rate In long-term, the growth rate of Barton will increase Thinking customer first This strategy meet the criteria of considering the customer first Extent of Flexibility Cost Leadership is the effective strategy for future sustainability Suggestions 2: Undertaking Joint Venture Strategy Assessment of the Strategy Appraisal Methods Evaluation Criteria Creates brand recognition By this strategy, Barton will try to rebuild and renovate the techn ology of the 10-horsepower engine with the help of the firm it will join with; in long run, this will increase its brand recognition Supports the vision This strategy will support Barton to enhance the 10-horsepower engine and regain its recognition, which is one of its visions. Utilize core competency If successfully renovated, the 10-horsepower engine can be Barton’s core competency Rivalry Reduce competition between other player Constructs uniqueness and differentiation It will differentiate the engine as it would develop with the help of expert jointly from 2 different firms. In addition, the hard work, experience, human resources, capital, finances, skills, and adaptability of 2 different firms may mean that the outcome of the joint venture is successful. Generates loyal consumer base Enhanced functionality of the 10-horsepower engine ensures the creation loyal customer base. Financial hazards In case of joint venture, it has minimal start up costs, and few o verhead Short and long-term growth rate It offers large potential growth in the long-term in some cases. Thinking customer first This strategy has designed with think the company first Extent of Flexibility It limits its adaptability Footnotes 1 Corporate Social Responsibility

Cultural communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural communication - Essay Example According to the Teamsterville’s code of communication that is code of honor, the people of the society communicate on the basis of their social roles. For them, the social meaning is related to their social positions. The male and female members of the society have to use their code of honor in order to continue with a relationship or to communicate. For them, social meaning is concerned with cultural communication. They use cultural codes to indicate their part in society. According to Nacirema’s code of communication that is code of dignity, the people of the society communicate on the basis of their self-growth. For them, the social meaning is related to their own self. They consider the society as secondary and their own self as primary. They employ code of dignity that states that an individual is important and should be given full opportunity to grow for his/her own self. For them, social meaning is related to self- growth. They give too much importance to communication as close, supportive and flexible and in case of lack of communication, they consider the situation as problematic. For them social meaning is related to closeness, supportiveness and flexibility in communication. Cultural codes play a crucial role in our lives and they help us to identify ourselves and our society. Every culture has some patterns and believes and people tend to be different with their respective cultures. The ethnographic definition of culture can be a shared set of values identified by all members of the society. Culture of a society or individuals can be revealed by means of communication. Communication is very significant in the identification of cultural roles of a person. In communication, we inform other people about our cultural codes. For every person of society, there is some rule of communication according to which, he or she communicates with the rest of the people of the society. In Speaking Culturally by